Chess pawn1/13/2024 ![]() In the context of threefold and fivefold repetition, two positions are considered different if the opportunity to perform a given en passant capture exists in one position but not the other. : 124–125 Draw by repetition and stalemate In 1880, Italy adopted the rules used by the rest of the world, including the en passant capture, in preparation for the 1881 Milan tournament. : 16 In some parts of Europe, particularly in Italy, the rule was excluded this exclusion was known as passar battaglia. The en passant capture was one of the last major additions to European chess. The en passant capture may have been introduced at that time, or may have come later the earliest references to this rule date to the 16th century. The two-square advance was introduced later, between the 13th and 16th centuries, to speed up games. Monk and the Genius".In old versions of chess, the pawn could not advance two squares on its first move. The variation was used in the Monk episode " Mr. The continuation 4.Qxb2 5.Bd2 Qb6 is the Chepukaitis Gambit. The Poisoned Pawn Variation of the Trompowsky Attack goes 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 c5 3.d5 Qb6 4.Nc3. Within the London System, the Poisoned Pawn Variation follows after: 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bf4 c5 4.e3 Qb6 5.Nc3 Qxb2?! Black is lost after 6.Nb5 Na6 7.a3 Bf5 8.dxc5 Bxc2 9.Qc1 Qxc1+ 10.Rxc1 and the c-pawn is too strong. However, Graham Burgess states that it "is not utterly, clearly bad". There is also a Poisoned Pawn Variation in the Latvian Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5 3.Bc4 fxe4 4.Nxe5 Qg5 ?! This variation leads to extremely sharp play, is considered rather dubious, and is thus rarely seen today. White can attack on the kingside and try to exploit the passed h-pawn, while Black destroys the centre. Like the Poisoned Pawn Variation in the Sicilian Najdorf, this line gives significant weaknesses for both sides and can lead to highly complex lines. French Defense, Winawer Ī Poisoned Pawn Variation also exists in the French Defence, Winawer: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 Ne7 7.Qg4 Qc7 8.Qxg7 Rg8 9.Qxh7 cxd4 10.Ne2 Nbc6 (or 10.Kd1 Nd7). Writing in 2010, FM Graham Burgess commented that current theory suggests that the b2-pawn is "not too heavily laced with arsenic", but that it would be suicidal to enter the line without specialist knowledge. As a result, the line is extremely well researched. In recent times, the line has become a popular battleground in computer chess, with operators trying to "out-book" each other by going progressively deeper into the different poisoned pawn lines. It remains one of the most theoretically important variations of the Sicilian Defense. The line was later taken up successfully by other leading players, including world champions Garry Kasparov, Viswanathan Anand, and Anatoly Karpov. In the second, Spassky surprised Fischer with a theoretical novelty and won the game after Fischer defended poorly, allowing Spassky to trap Fischer's queen and handing Fischer his only loss in the Poisoned Pawn Variation. In the first, he reached a secure position with a comfortable material advantage but only secured a draw. In both games Fischer played Black and grabbed the pawn. The line was most famously played in game 7 and game 11 of the 1972 World Chess Championship match between Fischer and Spassky. ![]() Bobby Fischer later became a proponent, playing it with great success. One of the pioneers of this line was David Bronstein, who tied the 1951 World Championship match against Mikhail Botvinnik 12–12. White can also play 8.Nb3, protecting the pawn. f4 Qb6Īfter which 8.Qd2 Qxb2 usually follows, accepting the "poisoned" b2-pawn. The best known of these, called the Poisoned Pawn Variation, is a line of the Sicilian Defense, Najdorf Variation that begins with the moves:ġ.
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